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What is blockchain bridge? 

To understand what a blockchain bridge is, you need to first understand what a blockchain is. Bitcoin, Ethereum, and BNB Smart Chain are some of the major blockchain ecosystems, all relying on different consensus protocols, programming languages, and system rules. 

A blockchain bridge is a protocol connecting two economically and technologically separate blockchains to enable interactions between them. These protocols function like a physical bridge linking one island to another, with the islands being separate blockchain ecosystems.

Thus, blockchain bridges enable what is called interoperability, meaning that digital assets and data hosted on one blockchain can interact with another. Interoperability is the cornerstone of the internet: Machines worldwide use the same set of open protocols to talk to each other. In the blockchain space, where there are many distinct protocols, blockchain bridges are essential to enabling a similar ease of exchanging data and value. 

How do blockchain bridges work? 

The most common use case for a blockchain bridge is token transfer. For example, you want to transfer your bitcoin (BTC) to the Ethereum network. One way is to sell your BTC and then purchase ether (ETH). However, this would incur transaction fees and expose you to price volatility. 

Alternatively, you can achieve this objective by using a blockchain bridge without selling your crypto. When you bridge 1 BTC to an Ethereum wallet, a blockchain bridge contract will lock your BTC and create an equivalent amount of Wrapped BTC (WBTC), which is an ERC20 token compatible with the Ethereum network. The amount of BTC you want to port gets locked in a smart contract, and the equivalent tokens on the destination blockchain network are issued or minted. 

A wrapped token is a tokenized version of another cryptocurrency. It’s pegged to the value of the asset it represents and typically can be redeemed for it (unwrapped) at any point.

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When you buy and sell assets on a crypto exchange, the market prices are directly related to supply and demand. Apart from the price, other important factors to consider are trading volume, market liquidity, and order types. Depending on the market conditions and the order types you use, you won't always get the price you want for a trade.

There is a constant negotiation between buyers and sellers that creates a spread between the two sides (bid-ask spread). Depending on the amount of an asset you want to trade and its volatility, you might also encounter slippage (more on this later). So to avoid any surprises, getting some basic knowledge of an exchange's order book will go a long way.

What is bid-ask spread?

The bid-ask spread is the difference between the highest bid price and the lowest ask price of an order book. In traditional markets, the spread is often created by the market makers or broker liquidity providers. In crypto markets, the spread is a result of the difference between limit orders from buyers and sellers.

If you want to make an instant market price purchase, you need to accept the lowest ask price from a seller. If you'd like to make an instant sale, you'll take the highest bid price from a buyer. More liquid assets (like forex) have a narrower bid-ask spread, meaning buyers and sellers can execute their orders without causing significant changes in an asset's price. This is due to a large volume of orders in the order book. A wider bid-ask spread will have more substantial price fluctuations when closing large volume orders.

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What is BTC Dominance?

Bitcoin dominance, or BTC dominance, is measured as the ratio of the market capitalization of bitcoin to that of the rest of the cryptocurrency market. Some crypto investors and traders use bitcoin dominance as a guide to adjust their trading strategies and portfolio structures. 

BTC dominance and market capitalization

In simple terms, market capitalization refers to the total value of a certain asset in circulation. For bitcoin, the market cap is calculated by multiplying the current price and the number of BTC that have been mined so far.

You can calculate bitcoin dominance with this formula:

Bitcoin dominance = Bitcoin market cap/ Total cryptocurrency market cap

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